Which of the following is a good clue to alcohol dependency?

• A. Depression and lethargy
• B. Continued use despite experiencing problems that result from drinking
• C. Recurring incidents of driving under the influence
• D. Increased tolerance and withdrawal symptoms when abstinence is attempted

Answer: (D)

Increased tolerance and withdrawal symptoms when attempting to abstain from alcohol are significant indicators of alcohol dependency. Tolerance refers to the body's adaptation to the presence of alcohol, requiring more of the substance to achieve the same effects that were previously experienced with smaller amounts. This increase in drinking to reach desired effects suggests a developing dependency on alcohol.

Withdrawal symptoms occur when an individual who has been regularly consuming alcohol suddenly reduces or stops intake. These symptoms can vary from mild to severe and may include anxiety, tremors, nausea, and sometimes even life-threatening conditions such as delirium tremens. The presence of such symptoms is a clear signal that the body has become physically reliant on alcohol, signifying dependency.

While depression and lethargy, continued use despite negative outcomes, and incidents of driving under the influence all highlight problematic use of alcohol, they do not by themselves confirm physical dependence. The combination of increased tolerance and withdrawal symptoms specifically points to a physiological adaptation to alcohol, making it a more definitive sign of dependency.